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R＆S Rohde＆Schwarz ESCS30 EMI接收器是针对CISPR和VDE的全面一致性测试接收器。ESCS30以出色的精度，抗过载能力，动态范围和选择能力，按标准执行EMC测量。内置的时域分析允许检查干扰与时间的关系。ESCS30在开发阶段用于电气设备的预认证测试时，会检测关键频率并用于产品优化。这减少了开发和制造成本，提高了价格计算的可靠性，并使产品成功。
只需一次按键，R＆S ESCS30即可执行完整的RFI电压，RFI功率和RFI场强测量。它通过使用峰值检测器的预扫描测量来确定光谱的临界范围。最高 保持功能可检测间歇性干扰。数据缩减例程用于确定最终测量的频率，然后通过准峰值和/或平均检测器以符合标准的测量时间来执行该测量。这个概念节省了宝贵的时间，否则将浪费在检查低排放水平的频率范围上。
R＆S ESCS30测试接收器会针对特定的测试频率自动选择正确的CISPR带宽，并与极限线进行比较，例如与EN标准进行比较。在进行RFI电压测量的情况下，会自动设置线路阻抗稳定网络（LISN）的相位设置。RFI级别最高的相位用于最终测量并记录。对于RFI功率测量，ESCS30交互式搜索干扰最大值。对于RFI场强测量，还可以交互方式确定并记录最高排放。
要执行EN标准的测量，需要以下基本设备：
射频分析可以在“频谱概述”，“扫描”和“通道扫描”模式下进行。
在“频谱概览”模式下，根据用户可选的扫描表，可以快速测量起始频率和终止频率之间的频谱。每个结果的最小测量时间为50 µs，并且预先选择了RF衰减。频率切换的步长与所选的IF带宽相关，可确保连续监视频率范围。跟踪预选在“频谱概览”模式下保持活动状态，并确保必要的抗过载能力。可以将这种总览测量类型切换为连续扫描，以对光谱进行定性评估。
在扫描模式下，再次根据用户选择的扫描表执行符合标准的测量。但是，测量使用线性或对数频率栅格中的可选步长。可切换的自动量程功能增加了动态范围，并防止了由于不同接收器级的过载而引起的测量误差。为了减少测量时间，可以同时测量峰值和平均值，并显示为单独的迹线。CISPR范围A，B，C和D被预先定义为扫描范围，并且可以通过按键激活。
如果必须一次又一次地在与频率相同的频率上进行测量，则使用通道扫描模式，就像已经测试的DUT一样，在这种情况下，扫描不会产生任何新结果。通道扫描包括多达400个不同频率的列表，使用选定的接收器设置（例如测量时间，带宽和检测器）在该频率下测量电平。
R＆S ESCS30的时域分析可以确定干扰的时间行为。正确设置用于射频分析的接收器测量时间也非常方便。用户可以确定窄带干扰是否波动以及波动的程度，以及是否经过幅度调制。此外，可以测量宽带干扰的脉冲率。如果测量时间大于或等于脉搏频率的倒数，则测量时间正确。具有恒温或微处理器控制的设备会产生不连续的干扰。因此，CISPR14和EN55014规定了RFI电压的极限值，其点击率权重在0.15至30 MHz的范围内。单击干扰仅在很长的时间间隔内频繁发生。在使用峰值检测器的时域分析过程中，ESCS30允许使用准峰值和平均值检测器来测量信号。与仅在超过可选阈值时才开始测量的内部触发器一起，这种组合可提供省时的自动测量功能，并显示清晰的结果（图3）。分辨率为100 µs的时域分析可满足脉冲持续时间测量的精度要求。最多可以存储30,000个结果，并通过标记功能进行缩放以进行详细调查。分辨率为100 µs的时域分析可满足脉冲持续时间测量的精度要求。最多可以存储30,000个结果，并通过标记功能进行缩放以进行详细调查。分辨率为100 µs的时域分析可满足脉冲持续时间测量的精度要求。最多可以存储30,000个结果，并通过标记功能进行缩放以进行详细调查。
识别接收频率范围内信号的重要工具是具有实时显示功能的IF频谱分析。为选定的接收频率选择了10 kHz到10 MHz的显示范围，并使用1、3或10 kHz的分辨率带宽评估信号。IF分析的优势在于快速确定干扰信号。
罗德与施瓦茨ESCS30 EMI接收器的特性和规格：
The R&S Rohde & Schwarz ESCS30 EMI Receiver is a full compliance test receiver to CISPR and VDE. The ESCS30 performs EMC measurements to standards with outstanding precision, immunity to overload, dynamic range and selection. The built-in time domain analysis allows examination of interference versus time. When used for precertification testing of electrical equipment at the development stage, the ESCS30 detects critical frequencies and serves for product optimization. This reduces development and manufacturing costs, increases price calculation reliability and makes for a successful product.
At a single keystroke the R&S ESCS30 performs complete RFI voltage, RFI power and RFI field-strength measurements. It determines the critical ranges of the spectrum by a prescan measurement using the peak detector. The Max. Hold function allows intermittent interference to be detected. Data-reduction routines serve for determining the frequencies for the final measurement, which is then carried out by means of the quasi-peak and/or average detector with standard-conforming measurement time. This concept saves valuable time that would otherwise be wasted on examining frequency ranges with low emission levels.
The R&S ESCS30 Test Receiver automatically selects the correct CISPR bandwidth for the specific test frequency and makes comparisons with limit lines, eg to EN standard. In case of RFI voltage measurement the phase settings of the lineimpedance stabilization network (LISN) are automatically set. The phase with the highest RFI level is used for final measurement and recorded. For RFI power measurement the ESCS30 interactively searches for the interference maxima. For RFI field-strength measurement the highest emissions are also determined interactively and recorded.
To perform measurements to EN standards the following basic equipment is required:
RF analysis can be operated in the Spectrum Overview, Scan and Channel Scan modes.
In the Spectrum Overview mode a fast measurement is made of the spectrum between start and stop frequency according to a user-selectable scan table. The minimum measurement time is 50 µs per result and the RF attenuation is preselected. The step size of frequency switching is coupled to the selected IF bandwidth and ensures continuous monitoring of the frequency range. The tracking preselection remains active in the Spectrum Overview mode and ensures the necessary immunity to overload. This type of overview measurement can be switched to continuous scan for qualitative assessment of the spectrum.
In the Scan mode a standard-conforming measurement is again carried out on the basis of a user-selected scan table. The measurement, however, uses selectable step widths in a linear or logarithmic frequency raster. The switchable autoranging function increases the dynamic range and prevents measurement errors that can be caused by overload of the different receiver stages. To reduce the measurement time, peak and average value can be measured simultaneously and displayed as separate traces. CISPR ranges A, B, C and D are predefined as scan ranges and can be activated at a keystroke.
The Channel Scan mode is used if measurements have to be made time and again on the same frequencies as is the case with ready tested DUTs where a scan would not yield any new results. The Channel Scan comprises a list of up to 400 different frequencies at which the level is measured using the selected receiver settings such as measurement time, bandwidth and detector.
The time domain analysis of R&S ESCS30 allows the time behaviour of interference to be determined. It is also very expedient for correct setting of receiver measurement time for RF analysis. The user can determine whether narrowband interference fluctuates and the degree of fluctuation, and whether it is amplitude-modulated. Furthermore the pulse rate of broadband interference can be measured. The measurement time is correct if it is greater than or equal to the reciprocal value of the pulse rate. Devices with thermostatic or microprocessor control generate discontinuous interference. Therefore CISPR14 and EN55014 specify limit values for the RFI voltage with clickrate weighting in the range 0.15 to 30 MHz. Click interference frequently occurs only at long time intervals. In the course of time domain analysis with a peak detector ESCS30 allows the signal to be measured with quasipeak and average detector. Together with the internal trigger that starts the measurement only when a selectable threshold is exceeded, this combination affords time-saving automatic measurement with clear result display (FIG 3). The time domain analysis with resolution of 100 µs meets the accuracy requirements for pulse-duration measurements. Up to 30,000 results can be stored and zoomed with the marker function for detailed investigation.
An important tool for identifying signals in the receive frequency range is IF spectrum analysis with realtime display. A display range between 10 kHz and 10 MHz is selected for the chosen receive frequency and the signal is assessed using a resolution bandwidth of 1, 3 or 10 kHz. The strength of IF analysis is in the fast determination of interference signals.
Characteristics and specificatioins of the Rohde & Schwarz ESCS30 EMI Receiver:
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